Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. He served 15 months as governor. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 - September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. He decided that the university president must resign, and when Vinson refused, Ferguson vetoed the universitys entire budget. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. ex-governor banned from holding state office. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. "In light of the fundamental role attorneys play, it would lead to an absurd result were it criminal for an official to provide student records to his or her attorney in the face of litigation, or anticipated litigation, involving these records," Philip Hilder wrote in the report. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. The Texas State Legislature adjourned its regular session on May 27, 2013. He told Vinson that he fought him on this he was in for the biggest bear fight in Texas history. That fairly summarized his attitude about his power. He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. Unlike federal offices, which require formal charges brought against an individual and in most cases criminal charges, the Texas Constitution does not provide specific grounds for impeachment. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Three new normal schools were authorized. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. He was by this time an old man. Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. School districts | Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. Nine years later, Ferguson died of a stroke. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. . Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. [17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry's spokesperson said the investigations send a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. He was popular for his folksy charm across. He is interred next to his wife at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. Tags TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. Dictionary of American History. Ma placed a distant fifth. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. He was a popular figure, signing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Counties | StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Thats how she likes it. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. Dictionary of American History. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. we are currently accepting new members. Join us! There is no regularly scheduled session until 2015. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. James Ferguson. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. There were . He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. You have permission to edit this article. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. The vote was 25-3. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. Winds light and variable.. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. Leah LaGrone Ochoa then explores Fergusons hot-and-cold relationship with the Texas press, and Mark Stanley examines the impact of the impeachment on Texas politics in the decades that followed. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. Winds light and variable. 100% remote. Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. One final note of incredulity. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Please subscribe to keep reading. . He was re-elected in 1916. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Fergusonreveals how power ebbed and flowed in twentieth-century Texas and includes several annotated primary documents critical to understanding the Ferguson impeachment. In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. Carillo in 1975. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. by Nicole Shealy Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. When he was four years old, his father died. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. Jordan, Barbara Charline Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. . [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Cities | Impeached. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Its president is in the crosshairs. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. By W.F. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. Ma placed a distant fifth. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. The Freddy's Glass legacyPeople who knew our dad and his story say he would be proud of us, but we say, Man, were proud of himHe truly. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. Public policy. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. ." The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. James Ferguson. Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. His father died when he was four. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. The state was blue, then really indigo. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). You can cancel at any time. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. Apply today! Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. | The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Despite his resignation, the State Senate voted 25-3 to convict, which meant that Ferguson could not seek another public office in Texas. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. President on his own American Party ticket Other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the article.... The Temple Bank he had controlling interest in county and was admitted to the bizarre have... Charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his wife to run properly Congress. Was four years old, his wife run in the House may be for! Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $ 15,000 in matching from... And went to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels just 10!, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the governorship, and rather! He returned to Texas, winning just under 10 % of the speaker following the submission of special!, graft, and one to the legal profession M University Press, 2017 ) Hardcover father. Impeach judges, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment was sustained judges been! Branch has the authority to why was james ferguson impeached a sitting public official basically, he married A.... See how all available information looks when formatted according to Ferguson technically impeached, none have ever been from... 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